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āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤুāϤি āĻļুāϰু āĻ•āϰা āϝাāĻ• [āĻ–ুāĻŦ āϤা⧜াāϤা⧜ি āφāϏāĻ›ে]

WBSSC WBPSC WBPRB WBCS

āϏাāĻŽ্āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻ• āĻĒোāϏ্āϟ

āĻ­াāϰāϤী⧟ āϏāĻ­্āϝāϤাāϰ āĻŦিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ - āϏংāĻ•্āώিāĻĒ্āϤ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύোāϤ্āϤāϰ ( Evolution of Indian Civilization - Short Questions and Answers )

āĻ­াāϰāϤী⧟ āϏāĻ­্āϝāϤাāϰ āĻŦিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ - āϏংāĻ•্āώিāĻĒ্āϤ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύোāϤ্āϤāϰ ( Evolution of Indian Civilization - Short Questions and Answers ) ā§§। āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤāϰāϝুāĻ— āĻŦāϞāϤে āĻ•ী āĻŦোāĻো? āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤāϰāϝুāĻ—āĻ•ে āĻ•ā§Ÿāϟি āĻ­াāĻ—ে āĻ­াāĻ— āĻ•āϰা āϝা⧟ āĻ“ āĻ•ী āĻ•ী?          āϝে āϝুāĻ—ে āĻŽাāύুāώ āĻĒাāĻĨāϰেāϰ āĻšাāϤি⧟াāϰ āĻ“ āϝāύ্āϤ্āϰāĻĒাāϤি āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ, āϏেāχ āϝুāĻ—āĻ•ে āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤāϰāϝুāĻ— āĻŦāϞা āĻšā§Ÿ।  āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤāϰāϝুāĻ—āĻ•ে āϤিāύ āĻ­াāĻ—ে āĻ­াāĻ— āĻ•āϰা āϝা⧟, āϝāĻĨা-  (ā§§) āĻĒ্āϰাāϚীāύ āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤāϰāϝুāĻ—,  (⧍) āĻŽāϧ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤāϰāϝুāĻ—,  (ā§Š) āύāĻŦ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤāϰāϝুāĻ—। ⧍। āĻĒ্āϰাāϚীāύ āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤāϰāϝুāĻ—, āĻŽāϧ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤāϰāϝুāĻ— āĻ“ āύāĻŦ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤāϰāϝুāĻ—েāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟা āĻ•āϰে āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ āĻĻাāĻ“। āĻĒ্āϰাāϚীāύ āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤāϰāϝুāĻ—:   āĻĒ্āϰাāϚীāύ āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤāϰāϝুāĻ—ে āĻŽাāύুāώ āĻ›িāϞ āĻ–াāĻĻ্āϝ-āϏংāĻ—্āϰাāĻšāĻ•। āĻŦāϞা āϝেāϤে āĻĒাāϰে-Age of Food-gathering Man. āĻŽāϧ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤāϰāϝুāĻ—:   āĻŽāϧ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤāϰāϝুāĻ—ে āĻŽাāύুāώ āĻ–াāĻĻ্āϝ-āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒাāĻĻāĻ•ে āĻĒāϰিāĻŖāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻāϏāĻŽā§ŸāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞা āĻšā§Ÿ-Age of Food-producing Man. āύāĻŦ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤāϰāϝুāĻ—:   āĻāϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻŽাāύুāώ āύāĻ—āϰ āϏāĻ­্āϝāϤাāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻĒāϰিāϚিāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ। āϧাāϤুāϰ āϝুāĻ— āĻļুāϰু āĻšā§Ÿ। āϐāϤিāĻšাāϏিāĻ• āĻ—āϰ্āĻĄāύ āϚাāχāϞ্āĻĄ āĻāϏāĻŽā§ŸāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞেāĻ›েāύ-Age of Urban Culture.

āĻĒāĻļ্āϚিāĻŽāĻŦāĻ™্āĻ—েāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻŦোāϰ্āĻĄāϏāĻŽূāĻš [āĻ–ুāĻŦ āϤা⧜াāϤা⧜ি āφāϏāĻ›ে]

WBBPE WBBSE WBCHSE WBMSC

West Bengal Civil Service

 West Bengal Civil Service




WBCS PRELIM EXAM


 (i) English Composition (25 Marks)
(ii) General Science (25 Marks)
(iii) Current Events of National & International Importance (25 Marks)
(iv) History of India (25 Marks)
(v) Geography of India with Special Reference to West Bengal (25 Marks)
(vi) Indian Polity and Economy (25 Marks)
(vii) Indian National Movement (25 Marks)
(viii) General Mental Ability (25 Marks)

 

Compulsory Papers: Six compulsory papers are as follows:


 

⚡Paper I

Bengali - Letter writing (Within 150 Words)/Drafting of Report (Within 200 Words)/Precis Writing/Composition and Translation from English to Bengali

⚡Paper II

English - Letter writing (Within 150 Words)/Drafting of Report (Within 200 Words)/Precis Writing/Composition and Translation from Bengali to English.

⚡Paper III

General Studies I : (i)Indian History With Special Emphasis on National Movement and
(ii) Geography of India with Special Reference to West Bengal.

⚡Paper IV

General Studies II : Science and Scientific and Technological advancement, Environment, General Knowledge and Current Affairs

⚡Paper V

The Constitution of India and Indian Economy Including Role and Functions of the Reserve Bank of India.

⚡Paper VI

Arithmetic and Test of Reasoning.

 

2 papers of Optional Subjects


 

200 Marks Interview






WBCS āϏāĻš āĻ…āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ āϚাāĻ•āϰিāϰ āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āĻ“ āϏāĻŽাāϧাāĻ¨đŸŽ






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āϜāύāĻĒ্āϰিāϝ় āĻĒোāϏ্āϟāϏāĻŽূāĻš

āϘূāϰ্āĻŖāĻŦাāϤ āĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻĒ āϘāϰ্āĻŖāĻŦাāϤ-āĻāϰ āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ

  āϘূāϰ্āĻŖāĻŦাāϤ āĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻĒ āϘāϰ্āĻŖāĻŦাāϤ-āĻāϰ āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ Sl. No. āϘূāϰ্āĻŖāĻŦাāϤ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻĒ āϘূāϰ্āĻŖāĻŦাāϤ 1 āϘূāϰ্āĻŖāĻŦাāϤেāϰ āύিāĻŽ্āύāϚাāĻĒ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰেāϰ āϚাāϰিāĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻŦাāϝ়ুāϰ āωāϚ্āϚāϚাāĻĒ āĻŦāϞāϝ়। āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻĒ āϘূāϰ্āĻŖāĻŦাāϤেāϰ āωāϚ্āϚāϚাāĻĒ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰেāϰ āϚাāϰিāĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻŦাāϝ়ুāϰ āύিāĻŽ্āύāϚাāĻĒ āĻŦāϞāϝ়। 2 āύিāĻŽ্āύāϚাāĻĒ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে āĻŦাāϝ়ু āωāώ্āĻŖ, āĻšাāϞāĻ•া āĻ“ āϊāϰ্āϧ্āĻŦāĻ—াāĻŽী āĻšāϝ়। āωāϚ্āϚāϚাāĻĒ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে āĻŦাāϝ়ু āĻļীāϤāϞ, āĻ­াāϰী āĻ“ āύিāĻŽ্āύāĻ—াāĻŽী āĻšāϝ়। 3 āϘূāϰ্āĻŖāĻŦাāϤ āĻĻ্āϰুāϤ āϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ āĻ•āϰে, āĻĢāϞে āĻŦিāϏ্āϤীāϰ্āĻŖ āĻ…āĻž্āϚāϞ āĻ…āϞ্āĻĒ āϏāĻŽāϝ়ে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­াāĻŦিāϤ āĻšāϝ়। āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻĒ āϘূāϰ্āĻŖāĻŦাāϤ āĻĻ্āϰুāϤ āϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ āĻ•āϰে āύা। 4 āϘূāϰ্āĻŖāĻŦাāϤেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­াāĻŦে āφāĻ•াāĻļ āĻŽেāϘাāϚ্āĻ›āύ্āύ āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻāĻŦং āĻŦāϜ্āϰāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝুā§ŽāϏāĻš āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦāϞ āĻāĻĄ়-āĻŦৃāώ্āϟি āĻšāϝ়। āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻĒ āϘূāϰ্āĻŖāĻŦাāϤেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­াāĻŦে āφāĻ•াāĻļ āĻŽেāϘāĻŽুāĻ•্āϤ āĻĨাāĻ•ে। āĻŦৃāώ্āϟিāĻĒাāϤ āĻ“ āĻāĻĄ়-āĻāĻž্āĻা āϘāϟে āύা। āĻŽাāĻেāĻŽাāĻে āϤুāώাāϰāĻĒাāϤ āĻ“ āĻ•ুāϝ়াāĻļাāϰ āϏৃāώ্āϟি āĻšāϝ়৷ 5 āϘূāϰ্āĻŖāĻŦাāϤেāϰ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে āύিāĻŽ্āύāϚাāĻĒ āĻŦিāϰাāϜ āĻ•āϰে। āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻĒ āϘূāϰ্āĻŖāĻŦাāϤেāϰ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে āωāϚ্āϚāϚাāĻĒ āĻŦিāϰাāϜ āĻ•āϰে। 6 āϚাāϰিāĻĻিāĻ• āĻĨেāĻ•ে āϘূāϰ্āĻŖāĻŦাāϤেāϰ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰেāϰ āĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻŦাāϝ়ু āĻ›ুāϟে āφāϏে āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž āĻŦাāϝ়ুāĻĒ্āϰāĻŦাāĻš āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰāĻŽুāĻ–ী। āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻĒ āϘূāϰ্āĻŖāĻŦাāϤে āĻ•েāύ...

āĻŽাāύāĻŦ āϜীāĻŦāύেāϰ āĻ“āĻĒāϰ āĻĒāϰ্āĻŦāϤেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­াāĻŦ āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āĻ•āϰো।

āĻŽাāύāĻŦ āϜীāĻŦāύেāϰ āĻ“āĻĒāϰ āĻĒāϰ্āĻŦāϤেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­াāĻŦ āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āĻ•āϰো।           āϏāĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰ āϏāĻŽāϤāϞ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ…āύ্āϤāϤ ā§§ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āĻŽিāϟাāϰেāϰ āĻŦেāĻļি āωঁāϚু āĻ“ āĻŦāĻšুāĻĻূāϰ āĻŦিāϏ্āϤৃāϤ āĻļিāϞাāĻŽāϝ় āϏ্āϤূāĻĒ āϝাāϰ āĻ­ূāĻĒ্āϰāĻ•ৃāϤি āĻ…āϤ্āϝāύ্āϤ āĻŦāύ্āϧুāϰ, āĻ­ূāĻŽিāϰ āĻĸাāϞ āĻŦেāĻļ āĻ–া⧜া āĻāĻŦং āĻ—িāϰিāĻļৃāĻ™্āĻ— āĻ“ āωāĻĒāϤ্āϝāĻ•া āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āϤাāĻ•ে āĻĒāϰ্āĻŦāϤ āĻŦāϞে৷ āĻ–াāĻĄ়াāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻĻাঁāĻĄ়িāϝ়ে āĻĨাāĻ•া āĻāχ āĻĒāϰ্āĻŦāϤ āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āϜীāĻŦāύāĻ•ে āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­াāĻŦিāϤ āĻ•āϰে। āĻŽাāύāĻŦāϜীāĻŦāύে āĻĒāϰ্āĻŦāϤেāϰ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­াāĻŦāĻ—ুāϞি āĻšāϞ—

āĻ­āϰা āĻ•োāϟাāϞ āĻ“ āĻŽāϰা āĻ•োāϟাāϞেāϰ āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ

  āĻ­āϰা āĻ•োāϟাāϞ āĻ“ āĻŽāϰা āĻ•োāϟাāϞেāϰ āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ Sl. No. āĻ­āϰা āĻ•োāϟাāϞ āĻŽāϰা āĻ•োāϟাāϞ 1 āϚাঁāĻĻ, āĻĒৃāĻĨিāĻŦী āĻ“ āϏূāϰ্āϝ āĻāĻ•āχ āϏāϰāϞ āϰেāĻ–াāϝ় āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻ•āϰāϞে āϚাঁāĻĻ āĻ“ āϏূāϰ্āϝেāϰ āĻŽিāϞিāϤ āφāĻ•āϰ্āώāĻŖ āĻĒৃāĻĨিāĻŦীāϰ āĻāĻ•āχ āϏ্āĻĨাāύেāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻ•াāϰ্āϝāĻ•āϰী āĻšāϝ়, āĻĢāϞে āĻ­āϰা āĻ•োāϟাāϞেāϰ āϏৃāώ্āϟি āĻšāϝ়। āϚাঁāĻĻ, āĻĒৃāĻĨিāĻŦী āĻ“ āϏূāϰ্āϝ āϏāĻŽāĻ•োāĻŖী āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύে āĻĨাāĻ•āϞে āĻĒৃāĻĨিāĻŦীāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āϚাঁāĻĻ āĻ“ āϏূāϰ্āϝেāϰ āφāĻ•āϰ্āώāĻŖ āĻĒāϰāϏ্āĻĒāϰ āĻŦিāĻĒāϰীāϤ āĻ“ āĻŦিāϰোāϧী āĻšāϝ়, āĻĢāϞে āĻŽāϰা āĻ•োāϟাāϞেāϰ āϏৃāώ্āϟি āĻšāϝ়। 2 āĻŽাāύāĻŦāϜীāĻŦāύেāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻ­āϰা āĻ•োāϟাāϞে (āύāĻĻী-āĻŽোāĻšাāύা, āύৌ-āϚāϞাāϚāϞ, āĻŽাāĻ› āφāĻšāϰāĻŖ āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি)-āϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­াāĻŦ āĻŦেāĻļি। āĻŽাāύāĻŦāϜীāĻŦāύেāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻŽāϰা āĻ•োāϟাāϞেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­াāĻŦ āĻ•āĻŽ। 3 āĻ­āϰা āĻ•োāϟাāϞ āĻšāϝ় āĻ…āĻŽাāĻŦāϏ্āϝা āĻ“ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖিāĻŽা āϤিāĻĨিāϤে। āĻŽāϰা āĻ•োāϟাāϞ āĻšāϝ় āĻļুāĻ•্āϞ āĻ“ āĻ•ৃāώ্āĻŖāĻĒāĻ•্āώেāϰ āĻ…āώ্āϟāĻŽী āϤিāĻĨিāϤে। 4 āĻ­āϰা āĻ•োāϟাāϞেāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āϏাāĻ—āϰ-āĻŽāĻšাāϏাāĻ—āϰেāϰ āϜāϞāϤāϞ āϏāĻŦāϚেāϝ়ে āĻŦেāĻļী āϏ্āĻĢীāϤ āĻšāϝ়। āĻŽāϰা āĻ•োāϟাāϞেāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āϏাāĻ—āϰ-āĻŽāĻšাāϏাāĻ—āϰেāϰ āϜāϞāϤāϞেāϰ āϏ্āĻĢীāϤি āϏāĻŦāϚেāϝ়ে āĻ•āĻŽ āĻšāϝ়। 5 āĻ…āĻŽাāĻŦāϏ্āϝা āϤিāĻĨিāϤে āĻĒৃāĻĨিāĻŦীāϰ āĻāĻ•āχ āĻĒাāĻļে āĻāĻ•āχ āϏāϰāϞāϰেāĻ–াāϝ় āϚাঁāĻĻ āĻ“ āϏূāϰ্āϝ āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻ•āϰে। āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖিāĻŽা āϤিāĻĨিāϤে āϏূāϰ্āϝ āĻ“ āϚাঁāĻĻেāϰ āĻŽাāĻে āĻĒৃāĻĨিāĻŦী āĻāĻ•āχ āϏāϰāϞāϰেāĻ–াāϝ় āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻ•āϰে। āĻ•ৃāώ্āĻŖ āĻ“ āĻļুāĻ•্āϞ āĻĒāĻ•্āώেāϰ āĻ…āώ্āϟāĻŽীāϤ...

āϏ্āĻĨāϞāĻŦাāϝ়ু āĻ“ āϏāĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰāĻŦাāϝ়ুāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ

  āϏ্āĻĨāϞāĻŦাāϝ়ু āĻ“ āϏāĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰāĻŦাāϝ়ুāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ Sl. No. āϏ্āĻĨāϞāĻŦাāϝ়ু āϏāĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰāĻŦাāϝ়ু 1 āϏ্āĻĨāϞāĻŦাāϝ়ু āĻŽূāϞāϤ āĻļীāϤāϞ āĻ“ āĻļুāώ্āĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•ৃāϤিāϰ āĻšāϝ়। āϏāĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰāĻŦাāϝ়ু āĻŽূāϞāϤ āωāώ্āĻŖ āĻ“ āφāϰ্āĻĻ্āϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•ৃāϤিāϰ āĻšāϝ়। 2 āϏ্āĻĨāϞāĻŦাāϝ়ু āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύāϤ āϰাāϤ্āϰিāĻŦেāϞাāϝ় āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦাāĻšিāϤ āĻšāϝ়। āϏāĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰāĻŦাāϝ়ু āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύāϤ āĻĻিāύেāϰāĻŦেāϞাāϝ় āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦাāĻšিāϤ āĻšāϝ়। 3 āϏূāϰ্āϝাāϏ্āϤেāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤী āϏāĻŽāϝ়ে āĻāχ āĻŦাāϝ়ুāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦাāĻš āĻļুāϰু āĻšāϝ় āĻ“ āϰাāϤ্āϰিāϰ āĻļেāώāĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻŦাāϝ়ুāĻĒ্āϰāĻŦাāĻšেāϰ āĻŦেāĻ— āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻĒাāϝ়। āϏূāϰ্āϝোāĻĻāϝ়েāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤী āϏāĻŽāϝ়ে āĻāχ āĻŦাāϝ়ুāϰāĻĒ্āϰāĻŦাāĻš āĻļুāϰু āĻšāϝ় āĻ“ āĻ…āĻĒāϰাāĻš্āύে āĻŦাāϝ়ুāĻĒ্āϰāĻŦাāĻšে āĻŦেāĻ— āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻĒাāϝ়। 4 āϏ্āĻĨāϞāĻŦাāϝ়ু āωāϚ্āϚāϚাāϝুāĻ•্āϤ āϏ্āĻĨāϞāĻ­াāĻ— āĻĨেāĻ•ে āύিāĻŽ্āύāϚাāĻĒāϝুāĻ•্āϤ āϜāϞāĻ­াāĻ—েāϰ āĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦাāĻšিāϤ āĻšāϝ়। āĻāχ āĻ•াāϰāĻŖে āϏ্āĻĨāϞāĻŦাāϝ়ুāĻ•ে āωāϤ্āϤāϰ-āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦ āĻŽৌāϏুāĻŽি āĻŦাāϝ়ুāϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āϤুāϞāύা āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়। āϏāĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰāĻŦাāϝ়ু āωāϚ্āϚāϚাāĻĒāϝুāĻ•্āϤ āϏāĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āύিāĻŽ্āύāϚাāĻĒāϝুāĻ•্āϤ āϏ্āĻĨāϞāĻ­াāĻ—েāϰ āĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦাāĻšিāϤ āĻšāϝ়। āĻāχ āĻ•াāϰāĻŖে āϏāĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰāĻŦাāϝ়ুāĻ•ে āĻĻāĻ•্āώিāĻŖ-āĻĒāĻļ্āϚিāĻŽ āĻŽৌāϏুāĻŽি āĻŦাāϝ়ুāϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āϤুāϞāύা āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়। 5 āϏ্āĻĨāϞāĻ­াāĻ—েāϰ āĻ“āĻĒāϰ āĻĻিāϝ়ে āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦাāĻšিāϤ āĻšāĻŦাāϰ āĻĻāϰুāύ āĻŦেāĻ— āϤুāϞāύাāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āĻ•āĻŽ āĻšāϝ়ে āĻĨাāĻ•ে। āωāύ্āĻŽুāĻ•্āϤ āϏāĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰেāϰ āĻ“āĻĒāϰ āĻĻিāϝ়ে āĻĻীāϰ্āϘāĻĒāĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦাāĻšিāϤ āĻš...

āĻĻেāĻļীāϝ় āĻ­াāώা āϏংāĻŦাāĻĻāĻĒāϤ্āϰ āφāχāύ (ā§§ā§Žā§­ā§Ž āĻ–্āϰি.)

āĻĻেāĻļীāϝ় āĻ­াāώা āϏংāĻŦাāĻĻāĻĒāϤ্āϰ āφāχāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ āϏাāĻŽ্āϰাāϜ্āϝāĻŦাāĻĻী āĻ—āĻ­āϰ্āύāϰ–āϜেāύাāϰেāϞ āϞāϰ্āĻĄ āϞিāϟāύ āĻĻেāĻļীāϝ় āĻĒāϤ্āϰāĻĒāϤ্āϰিāĻ•াāϰ āĻ•āĻŖ্āĻ āϰোāϧ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϏিāĻĻ্āϧাāύ্āϤ āύেāύ। āĻāχ āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝে āϤিāύি ā§§ā§Žā§­ā§Ž āĻ–্āϰিāϏ্āϟাāĻŦ্āĻĻে āĻĻেāĻļীāϝ় āĻ­াāώা āϏংāĻŦাāĻĻāĻĒāϤ্āϰ āφāχāύ (Vernacular Press Act, 1878) āϜাāϰি āĻ•āϰেāύ। āĻĒāϟāĻ­ূāĻŽি āϊāύāĻŦিংāĻļ āĻļāϤāĻ•ে āĻĻেāĻļীāϝ় āϏংāĻŦাāĻĻāĻĒāϤ্āϰāĻ—ুāϞিāϤে āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰি āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽāϚাāϰীāĻĻেāϰ āĻ…āύ্āϝাāϝ় āφāϚāϰāĻŖ, āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāύৈāϤিāĻ• āĻļোāώāĻŖ, āĻĻেāĻļীāϝ় āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦāĻšিāϰ্āĻ—āĻŽāύ, āĻĻেāĻļীāϝ় āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒেāϰ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ•্āώāϝ় āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āύাāύা āĻŦিāώāϝ় āϤুāϞে āϧāϰা āĻšāϝ়। āχāϤিāĻšাāϏāĻŦিāĻĻ āĻ.āφāϰ.āĻĻেāĻļাāχāϝ়েāϰ āĻŽāϤে, “āĻ­াāϰāϤীāϝ় āϜাāϤীāϝ়āϤাāĻŦাāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļে āϏংāĻŦাāĻĻāĻĒāϤ্āϰ āĻšāϞ āĻāĻ• āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽ”।

āĻ—্āϰāϏ্āϤ āωāĻĒāϤ্āϝāĻ•া

āĻ—্āϰāϏ্āϤ āωāĻĒāϤ্āϝāĻ•া : ā§§. āĻ—্āϰāϏ্āϤ āωāĻĒāϤ্āϝāĻ•াāϰ āϏংāϜ্āĻžা :                āĻĻুāϟি āϚ্āϝুāϤিāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝāĻŦāϰ্āϤী āĻ…ংāĻļ āĻŦāϏে āĻ—েāϞে āϝে āĻ…āĻŦāύāĻŽিāϤ āĻ…āĻž্āϚāϞেāϰ āϏৃāώ্āϟি āĻšāϝ়, āϤাāĻ•ে āĻ—্āϰāϏ্āϤ āωāĻĒāϤ্āϝāĻ•া āĻŦāϞে।              āĻāĻ›াāĻĄ়া, āĻŽāĻšীāĻ­াāĻŦāĻ• āφāϞোāĻĄ়āύেāϰ āĻĢāϞে āĻ­ূāĻĒৃāώ্āĻ ে āϏংāĻ•োāϚāύ āĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰāϏাāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāϞেāϰ āϏৃāώ্āϟি āĻšāϝ়। āϝাāϰ āĻĢāϞে āĻ­ূāĻĒৃāώ্āĻ েāϰ āĻ•āĻ িāύ āĻļিāϞাāϝ় āĻĢাāϟāϞেāϰ āϏৃāώ্āϟি āĻšāϝ়। āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤীāĻ•াāϞে āĻĒুāύāϰাāϝ় āĻ­ূ-āφāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύ āϘāϟāϞে āĻŦা āĻ­ূ-āφāϞোāĻĄ়āύেāϰ āĻŽাāϤ্āϰা āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻĒেāϞে āĻĢাāϟāϞ āϰেāĻ–া āĻŦāϰাāĻŦāϰ āĻļিāϞাāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻ…ংāĻļ āĻ…āĻĒāϰ āĻ…ংāĻļ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŦিāϚ্āĻ›িāύ্āύ āĻšāϝ়ে āĻĒāĻĄ়ে, āĻāĻ•ে āϚ্āϝুāϤি āĻŦāϞে। āϏংāύāĻŽāύ āĻŦāϞ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻĒেāϞে āĻĻুāϟি āϚ্āϝুāϤিāϰ āĻŽাāĻেāϰ āĻ…ংāĻļ āĻ–াāĻĄ়াāĻ­াāĻŦে āύীāϚে āĻŦāϏে āϝাāϝ়। āĻ…āĻŦāύāĻŽিāϤ, āĻ“āχ āĻ…ংāĻļāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞে āĻ—্āϰāϏ্āϤ āωāĻĒāϤ্āϝāĻ•া। 

āĻšিāĻŽাāύী āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĒাāϤ

āĻšিāĻŽাāύী āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĒাāϤ           āĻĒৃāĻĨিāĻŦীāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝাāĻ•āϰ্āώāĻŖ āĻļāĻ•্āϤিāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻĒাāϰ্āĻŦāϤ্āϝ āĻ…āĻž্āϚāϞে āϤুāώাāϰāĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰেāϰ āϜāĻŽাāϟ āĻŦাঁāϧা āĻŦāϰāĻĢ āĻ…āϤ্āϝāύ্āϤ āϧীāϰāĻ—āϤিāϤে āĻĒāϰ্āĻŦāϤেāϰ āĻĸাāϞ āĻŦেāϝ়ে āύীāϚেāϰ āĻĻিāĻ•ে āύেāĻŽে āφāϏāϤে āĻĨাāĻ•ে। āϏāĻŽāϝ় āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻĒাāĻšাāĻĄ়েāϰ āĻĸাāϞে āϚāϞāĻŽাāύ āĻāχāϰāĻ•āĻŽ āĻšিāĻŽāĻŦাāĻš āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŦিāĻļাāϞ āĻŦāϰāĻĢেāϰ āϏ্āϤূāĻĒ āĻ­েāĻ™ে āĻŦিāĻĒুāϞāĻŦেāĻ—ে āύীāϚেāϰ āĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻĒāĻĄ়āϤে āĻĻেāĻ–া āϝাāϝ়, āĻāĻ•ে āĻšিāĻŽাāύী āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒ্āϰāĻĒাāϤ āĻŦāϞে।  

āĻ•েāω āϜāϞে āĻĄুāĻŦে āĻ—েāϞে āϤাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻĨāĻŽিāĻ• āϚিāĻ•িā§ŽāϏা

  āĻ•েāω āϜāϞে āĻĄুāĻŦে āĻ—েāϞে āϤাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻĨāĻŽিāĻ• āϚিāĻ•িā§ŽāϏা       āϜāϞেāϰ āφāϰ āĻāĻ• āύাāĻŽ āϜীāĻŦāύ, āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻŽাāĻে āĻŽাāĻে āĻāχ āϜāϞāχ āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻŖāύাāĻļেāϰ āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻĻাঁ⧜া⧟। āύৌāĻ•াāĻĄুāĻŦি, āϞāĻž্āϚāĻĄুāĻŦি, āϜāϞেāϰ āϘূāϰ্āĻŖিāϤে āĻĒ⧜া, āϏাঁāϤাāϰ āĻ•াāϟāϤে āĻ—ি⧟ে āĻ•োāύো āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা āĻšāϞে, āĻŦāύ্āϝা, āϚোāϰাāĻŦাāϞি āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻ•াāϰāĻŖে āϜāϞে āĻĄোāĻŦাāϰ āϘāϟāύা āϘāϟে āĻĨাāĻ•ে।   

āĻŦাāϰ্āĻ–াāύ

āĻŦাāϰ্āĻ–াāύ             āĻŦাāϝ়ুāϰ āϏāĻž্āϚāϝ়āĻ•াāϜেāϰ āĻĢāϞে āϝেāϏāĻŦ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāϰূāĻĒ āĻ—āĻĄ়ে āĻ“āĻ ে āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŦাāϞিāϝ়াāĻĄ়ি āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ–āϝোāĻ—্āϝ।āĻŦাāϞিāϝ়াāĻĄ়িāϰ āĻ…āύ্āϝāϤāĻŽ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻļ্āϰেāĻŖি āĻšāϞ āĻŦাā§°্āĻ–াāύ āĻŦা āϤিāϰ্āϝāĻ• āĻŦাāϞিāϝ়াāĻĄ়ি। ‘āĻŦাā§°্āĻ–াāύ’āĻāĻ•āϟি āϤুāϰ্āĻ•ি āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ, āĻāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻšāϞ ‘āĻ•িāϰāϘিāϜ āϏ্āϟেāĻĒāϏ্’ āĻ…āĻž্āϚāϞেāϰ āĻŦাāϞিāϝ়াāĻĄ়ি। āωāώ্āĻŖ āĻŽāϰুāĻ­ূāĻŽি āĻ…āĻž্āϚāϞে āĻŦাāϝ়ুāĻĒ্āϰāĻŦাāĻšেāϰ āĻĒāĻĨে āφāĻĄ়াāφāĻĄ়িāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ—āĻ িāϤ āĻŦাāϞিāϰ āϏ্āϤূāĻĒ āĻŦা āĻŦাāϞিāϝ়াāĻĄ়িāĻ•ে āĻŦাā§°্āĻ–াāύ āĻŦāϞা āĻšāϝ়।

āϏ্āϤূāĻĒ āĻĒāϰ্āĻŦāϤ

āϏ্āϤূāĻĒ āĻĒāϰ্āĻŦāϤ             āĻ­ূ-āφāϞোāĻĄ়āύāϜāύিāϤ āĻĒ্āϰāϏাāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāϞেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻĒাāĻļাāĻĒাāĻļি āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨিāϤ āĻĻুāϟি āĻĢাāϟāϞেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝāĻŦāϰ্āϤী āĻ…ংāĻļ āϚাāĻĒেāϰ āĻĢāϞে āĻŦিāϚ্āϝুāϤ āĻšāϝ়ে āĻ“āĻĒāϰে āωāĻ ে āϝাāϝ় āĻŦা āĻĻুāϟি āĻĢাāϟāϞেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝāĻŦāϰ্āϤী āĻ…ংāĻļ āϚাāĻĒেāϰ āĻĢāϞে āύীāϚে āĻŦāϏে āϝাāϝ় āϤāĻ–āύ āĻ…āĻĒেāĻ•্āώাāĻ•ৃāϤ āωঁāϚু āĻ…ংāĻļāĻ•ে āϏ্āϤূāĻĒ āĻĒāϰ্āĻŦāϤ āĻŦāϞে। āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦāϞ āĻ­ূ-āφāϞোāĻĄ়āύেāϰ āĻĢāϞে āĻ­ূāϤ্āĻŦāĻ•েāϰ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻ…ংāĻļে āϚাāĻĒেāϰ āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āϘāϟে। āĻĢāϞে āĻļিāϞাāϝ় āϟাāύ āĻ“ āϏংāύāĻŽāύেāϰ āϏৃāώ্āϟি āĻšāϝ়। āϟাāύ āĻ“ āϏংāύāĻŽāύেāϰ āĻŽাāϤ্āϰা āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻĒেāϞে āĻļিāϞাāϝ় āĻĢাāϟāϞেāϰ āϏৃāώ্āϟি āĻšāϝ় āĻāĻŦং āĻĢাāϟāϞāϰেāĻ–া āĻŦāϰাāĻŦāϰ āĻļিāϞাāϰ āĻāĻ• āĻ…ংāĻļ āĻ…āĻĒāϰ āĻ…ংāĻļ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŦিāϚ্āĻ›িāύ্āύ āĻšāϝ়ে āĻĒāĻĄ়ে। āĻāĻ•ে āϚ্āϝুāϤি āĻŦāϞে। āϏংāύāĻŽāύ āĻŦāϞ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻĒেāϞে āĻĻুāϟি āωāϞ্āϞāĻŽ্āĻŦ āϚ্āϝুāϤিāϰ āĻŽাāĻেāϰ āĻ…ংāĻļāϟি āύীāϚে āĻŦāϏে āĻ—েāϞে āĻĻু-āĻĒাāĻļ āĻ“āĻĒāϰে āωāĻ ে āφāϏে। āφāĻŦাāϰ āĻŽাāĻেāϰ āĻ…ংāĻļāϟি āĻ“āĻĒāϰে āωāĻ ে āĻ—েāϞে āĻĻু-āĻĒাāĻļ āύীāϚে āĻŦāϏে āϝাāϝ়। āϤāĻ–āύ āĻ“āĻĒāϰে āωāĻ ে āφāϏা āĻ…ংāĻļāĻ•ে āϏ্āϤূāĻĒ āĻĒāϰ্āĻŦāϤ āĻŦāϞে।